Hugo Bergmann (Hebrew language: שמואל הוגו ברגמן; December 25, 1883 – June 18, 1975) was an Israeli philosopher, born in Prague.
Biography
Hugo Samuel Bergmann was born and raised in Prague,
Austria-Hungary. He was a member of the Prague intelligentsia visiting the salon group that met at the house of
Berta Fanta. Bergmann married her daughter Else Fanta.
Bergmann and his wife aliyah to Palestine in 1920.[Spector, Scott. "Bergmann, Hugo." YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe 27 July 2010. 2 February 2014 link] They lived in the Rehavia neighborhood of Jerusalem.[ Ghosts of Rehavia's Zeitgeist, Haaretz] Bergmann served as the director of the Jewish National Library between 1920 and 1935. He brought Gershom Scholem from Germany to serve as the head of the Judaica Division. In 1936 he married Escha Else Bergmann who was Scholem's first wife.
Together with Martin Buber, he founded Brit Shalom, an organization espousing a binational solution for promoting the co-existence of Jews and in the State of Israel.
Bergmann was the father of Martin S. Bergmann, professor of psychology at New York University, the uncle of the Czech philosopher and historian Pavel Bergmann and the grandfather of the American director, writer and producer Michael Bergmann.
Academic career
He became a
professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and later on the dean of the university. He was friends with
Franz Kafka, who was a schoolmate of his, the philosopher
Felix Weltsch, who later worked at the Hebrew University Library in
Jerusalem, and
Max Brod, whom he introduced to
Zionism before 1910.
He wrote on the nature of quantum mechanics and causality where he interpreted spontaneity in nature with the psychological idea that the closer we come to elements in nature or components in the individual, the less tenable is strict causal determinism and the more freedom we must grant to decisive personal elements: "In corresponding areas of physics, the statistical law of averages takes on the same functions in determining temporal position and in prediction and reconstruction that the strict law of causality previously covered, but with the distinction that the individual case could be temporally located and predicted or reconstructed before, whereas now we deal only with the average." (1929)
He translated several of Rudolf Steiner's books about Threefold Social Order into Hebrew language.
Awards and recognition
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Bergmann was twice a recipient of the Israel Prize:
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in 1954, for the humanities
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in 1974 for his special contribution to society and the State of Israel.
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He was a recipient of the Yakir Yerushalayim (Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem) award in 1967, the year of the award's inauguration.
[ City of Jerusalem official web site]
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He is also a recipient of the Tchernichovsky Prize for exemplary translation.
Selected works
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Das philosophische Werk Bernard Bolzanos mit Benutzung ungedruckter Quellen kritisch untersucht : Nebst einem Anhange: Bolzanos Beiträge zur philosophischen Grundlegung der Mathematik (1909)
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Das Unendliche und die Zahl (1913)
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Der Kampf um das Kausalgesetz in der juengsten Physik (1929)
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Maimon und Cohen (1939?)
See also
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List of Israel Prize recipients
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List of German Jews
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List of Czech and Slovak Jews
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Bergmann
Further reading
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Hugo Bergmann: Das philosophische Werk Bernard Bolzanos, Halle s. S.: Max Niemeyer, 1909 (reprint: Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1970).
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Miriam Sambursky: Zionist und Philosoph. Das Habilitierungsproblem des jungen Hugo Bergmann. Bulletin des Leo Baeck Instituts 58
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Miriam Sambursky (Hrsg.): Schmuel Hugo Bergmann: Tagebücher und Briefe. Band 1: 1901–1948.
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Dietmar Wiechmann: Der Traum vom Frieden: das bi-nationale Konzept des Brith-Schalom zur Lösung des jüdisch-arabischen Konfliktes in der Zeit von 1925–1933, 1998,
External links
